• Elizabeth C Elliott, Eduardo A Trujillo-Rivera, Omar Dughly, Terry Dean, Dana Harrar, Michael J Bell, and Kitman Wai.
• Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's National Hospital and The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC.
• Pediatr Crit Care Me. 2025 Jan 1; 26 (1): e12e22e12-e22.

ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between adequacy of caloric nutritional support during the first week after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and outcome.DesignSingle-center retrospective cohort, 2010-2022.SettingTertiary care children's hospital with a level 1 trauma center.PatientsChildren younger than 18 years with PICU stay greater than 7 days for management of TBI, who had severe TBI, defined as Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score less than or equal to 8 at initial presentation and/or placement of an intracranial pressure monitor or external ventricular drain, and/or decompressive hemicraniectomy.InterventionsNone.Measurements And Main ResultsA total of 93 patients were identified (median age 46 mo; 53% male; median GCS 5; hospital mortality 4%). Caloric goal was assigned by a dietician and the proportion of prescribed calories delivered to each patient over the first 7 days of PICU admission were analyzed. At the end of the first 7 days post-injury, overall median (interquartile range [IQR]) caloric and protein adequacies were 42% (IQR, 28-62%) and 48% (IQR, 29-61%), respectively. We failed to identify an association between adequacy of caloric support and greater odds of higher Functional Status Scale (FSS) score or higher Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended for Pediatrics score at discharge. However, at outpatient follow-up, prior adequacy of PICU caloric support was associated with greater odds of worse FSS (multiplicative increase per 10% increase in calories [MI], 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03-1.18; p = 0.002) and worse GOS E-Peds (MI, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.08-1.27; p < 0.001) at outpatient follow-up.ConclusionsIn pediatric patients with severe TBI, there is an association between delivery of a greater proportion of their goal calories during the first 7 days after injury and greater odds of worse outcome at outpatient follow-up.Copyright © 2024 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies.

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