• Per Jensen, Brice Ozenne, Per Meden, Ling Feng, Gerda Thomsen, Lars Knudsen, Henrik Steglich-Arnholm, Kirsten Møller, Carsten Thomsen, Claus Svarer, Vincent Beliveau, Jens Mikkelsen, Gitte Knudsen, and H PinborgLarsLNeurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.Epilepsy Clinic, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark..
• Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
• J Neuroimaging. 2025 Jan 1; 35 (1): e70002e70002.

Background And PurposeThis study aims to investigate the longitudinal changes in translocator protein (TSPO) following stroke in different brain regions and potential associations with chronic brain infarction.MethodsTwelve patients underwent SPECT using the TSPO tracer 6-Chloro-2-(4'-123I-Iodophenyl)-3-(N,N-Diethyl)-Imidazo[1,2-a]Pyridine-3-Acetamide, as well as structural MRI, at 10, 41, and 128 days (median) after ischemic infarction in the middle cerebral artery. TSPO expression was measured in lesional (MRI lesion and SPECT lesion), connected (pons and ipsilesional thalamus), and nonconnected (ipsilesional cerebellum and contralesional occipital cortex) regions. Correlations were explored between the volume of chronic infarction and TSPO expression in nonconnected regions of interest (ROIs) at 128 days RESULTS: Throughout the study period, TSPO levels decreased by 24%-33% in lesional ROIs, while levels increased in connected ROIs by 35%-69% and in nonconnected ROIs by 53%-77%. At 128 days poststroke, TSPO expression in ipsilesional cerebellum positively correlated with chronic infarction volume (p = 0.002, r2 = 0.72).ConclusionsThis study expands the current knowledge of spatial and temporal TSPO expression in humans by quantifying TSPO changes in lesional, connected, and nonconnected brain regions at three time points after cerebral infarction as well as correlating late-stage TSPO upregulation and chronic infarction volume.© 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Neuroimaging published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society of Neuroimaging.

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