• Joel C Boggan, Spoorthi Sankineni, Paul A Dennis, Dazhe Chen, Tina Wong Sledge, David Halpern, Sharron Rushton, John W Williams, Tatyana Der, TabrizAmir AlishahiAA0000-0002-6273-9105Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida (A.A.T.)., Adelaide M Gordon, Morgan Jacobs, Nathan A Boucher, Maria Colandrea, Anastasia-Stefania Alexopoulos, Roman JonesJoanneJDurham Evidence Synthesis Program, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina, and University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts (J.R.J.)., Nina Leflore-Lloyd, Sarah Cantrell, Karen M Goldstein, and Jennifer M Gierisch.
• Hospital Medicine Section, Medical Service, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, and Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (J.C.B.).
• Ann. Intern. Med. 2025 Jan 14.

BackgroundPostdischarge contacts (PDCs) after hospitalization are common practice, but their effectiveness in reducing use of acute care after discharge remains unclear.PurposeTo assess the effects of PDC on 30-day emergency department (ED) visits, 30-day hospital readmissions, and patient satisfaction.Data SourcesMEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL searched from 2012 to 25 May 2023.Study SelectionRandomized and nonrandomized trials of PDC within 7 days.Data ExtractionTwo investigators independently screened articles and assessed risk of bias (ROB). Single reviewers extracted data, with verification by second investigators. Random-effects meta-analyses were done on outcomes shared by at least 3 studies, and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) framework.Data SynthesisOf 13 included studies (11 randomized trials [RTs]), 12 delivered PDCs via telephone. Three of 11 RTs were rated as having low ROB, with 1 rated high. Most PDC interventions (n = 10) consisted of single telephone contacts, often within 3 days. Eight studies focused on patients identified as higher-risk by the authors. There were no differences in 30-day ED use (5 RTs; 3054 patients; risk difference, 0.00 [95% CI, -0.02 to 0.03]; moderate certainty) or 30-day hospital readmissions (7 RTs; 7075 patients; risk difference, 0.00 [CI, -0.02 to 0.02]; moderate certainty) with PDC.LimitationAdherence and fidelity to PDC interventions were poorly described, and only 1 study investigated nontelephone PDC.ConclusionPostdischarge contacts within 7 days of discharge were not associated with reductions in 30-day ED use or readmissions compared with usual care. Health systems should reconsider the utility of universal PDCs because multifaceted interventions targeting higher-risk patients may be necessary to reduce use of acute care after discharge.Primary Funding SourceDepartment of Veterans Affairs. (PROSPERO: CRD42023465675).

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