• Tetsuhisa Kitamura, Kosuke Kiyohara, Tomohiko Sakai, Taku Iwami, Chika Nishiyama, Kentaro Kajino, Tatsuya Nishiuchi, Yasuyuki Hayashi, Yusuke Katayama, Kazuhisa Yoshiya, and Takeshi Shimazu.
• Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
• BMJ Open. 2014 Jan 1;4(12):e006462.

ObjectivesTo evaluate epidemiological characteristics of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) by detailed non-cardiac cause and factors associated with the outcomes after OHCAs of non-cardiac origin.DesignA prospective, population-based observational study.SettingThe Utstein Osaka Project.Participants14,164 adult patients aged ≥20 years old with OHCAs due to non-cardiac origin who were resuscitated by emergency-medical-service personnel or bystanders, and then were transported to medical institutions from January 2005 to December 2011.Primary Outcome MeasuresOne-month survival after OHCA. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors that were potentially associated with the outcome.ResultsDuring the study period, the 1-month survival rate was 5.3% (755/14,164). The proportion of 1-month survival was 6.2% (510/8239) in external causes, 6.5% (94/1148) in respiratory diseases, 0.8% (11/1309) in malignant tumours, 4.9% (55/1114) in strokes and 4.1% (85/2054) in others. As for external causes, the proportion of 1-month survival was 14.3% (382/2670) in asphyxia, 4.2% (84/1999) in hanging, 0.7% (9/1300) in fall, 1.1% (12/1062) in drowning, 1.6% (12/765) in traffic injury, 3.7% (7/187) in drug overuse and 1.6% (4/256) in unclassified external causes. In a multivariate analysis, adults aged <65 years old with arrests witnessed by bystanders, with normal activities of daily living before the arrests, having ventricular fibrillation arrests, having arrests in public places, intravenous fluid levels and early Emergency Medical Service response time were significant predictors for 1-month outcome after OHCAs of non-cardiac origin. The proportion of 1-month survival of all OHCAs of non-cardiac origin did not significantly increase (from 4.3% (86/2023) in 2005 to 4.9% (105/2126) in 2011) and the adjusted OR for one-increment of year was 1.01 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.06).ConclusionsFrom a large OHCA registry in Osaka, we demonstrated that 1-month survival after OHCAs of non-cardiac origin was poor and stable.Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

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