• Tao Du and Xing Zheng.
• The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 Jan 17; 104 (3): e41281e41281.

RationaleTemporary central venous catheters are commonly used for patients who require emergency hemodialysis. In rare instances, this procedure can result in a very serious complication known as arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Although some cases of femoral arteriovenous fistula have been reported previously in the literature; however, the incidence of iliac AVF precipitated by a hemodialysis catheter is exceedingly uncommon. The purpose of this study is to report a case in which a hemodialysis catheter caused a femoral arteriovenous fistula and to describe the successful treatment, thereby providing a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of such conditions in the future.Patient ConcernsHerein, we report the case of a patient with diabetes and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) who presented with an iliac arteriovenous fistula as a complication of hemodialysis catheter insertion into the right femoral vein. Two years after hemodialysis catheter removal, the patient was admitted to our institution with swelling of the right lower limb and calf pain.DiagnosisThe patient was subsequently diagnosed with an iliac arteriovenous fistula by computed tomography angiography and angiography.InterventionsThe patient was transferred to the Vascular Surgery Department for surgical treatment.OutcomesThe patient's leg swelling improved after surgery. After 1 year of follow-up, there was no occurrence of swelling in the patient's right leg.LessonsIf the patient has a history of femoral venous catheter placement and develops limb swelling, in addition to considering the presence of a femoral arteriovenous fistula, it is important to consider the possibility of an iliac AVF. Iliac AVF are rare disorders. The primary goal for treatment of IAVF is to relieve associated symptoms. Based on the results of this study, the endovascular approach is safe and effective for the treatment of iliac AVF. Iliac AVFs are rare disorders. The primary goal of treatment for iliac AVFs is to relieve associated symptoms. Based on the results of this study, the endovascular approach is safe and effective in the treatment of iliac AVFs.Copyright © 2025 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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