• Sofia Seabra Vieira, Diana Bernardo, and Susana Machado.
• Serviço de Pediatria. Unidade Local de Saúde São João. Porto. Portugal.
• Acta Medica Port. 2025 Jan 29.

AbstractScabies is a common dermatological infection that globally affects more than 200 million people. It is caused by the parasite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis and its transmission primarily occurs through direct contact. Symptoms typically appear three to six weeks after infestation, with intense itching being the most characteristic manifestation. Lesions most commonly appear on the hands, wrists, armpits, periumbilical area, buttocks, and genital region, although the clinical manifestations vary with age. In infants and children, they also affect the face, scalp, palms, soles, ankles, and chest. Therefore, diagnosis is clinical but challenging due to the diversity of manifestations. Treatment aims to eliminate the parasite and relieve symptoms, using options such as topical 5% permethrin, benzyl benzoate, sulfur sulfate, or systemic ivermectin. Permethrin is recommended as the first-line treatment for children over two months, while ivermectin is used in more severe cases. Adherence to treatment and the disinfestation of clothing and bedding are crucial to prevent reinfestation. Early recognition and effective treatment are essential given its prevalence and significant impact on public health, particularly in pediatric populations.

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