• Clin Med (Lond) · Feb 2025

    Body fat changes and risk of new onsets of hypertension and hyperlipidaemia among Korean adults: a longitudinal study.

    • Jinyoung Shin, Sang-Hyun Park, Jae Hoon Cho, and Tae-Eun Kim.
    • Department of Family Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, 05030, South Korea.
    • Clin Med (Lond). 2025 Feb 11: 100293100293.

    BackgroundThis study examined the association between changes in body fat, body mass index (BMI), and the risk of newly developed hypertension and hyperlipidaemia in the general population.MethodsThis longitudinal study included 17,598 individuals without prior hypertension and hyperlipidaemia who underwent at least three health examinations between January 2015 and December 2022. Body fat was classified as decreased (≥ 5 %), stable (within 5 %), and increased (≥ 5 %) using bioelectrical impedance analysis. The BMI was categorised as non-obese (BMI < 23), overweight (23 ≤ BMI < 25), and obese (BMI ≥ 25). Hypertension and hyperlipidaemia were identified through self-reported medication use or clinical measurements.ResultsIncreases in BMI or body fat were associated with higher incidence rates of hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. Decreased body fat was associated with a lower risk of hypertension in the overweight (Odds ratio: 0.638, 95 % confidence interval: 0.464-0.876) and obese groups (0.724, 0.577-0.909). Non-obese individuals with increased body fat had a higher incidence of hyperlipidaemia than overweight individuals with decreased body fat (87.2 vs 66.4 per 1,000 people). Compared to the stable body fat group, increased body fat raised the risk of hyperlipidaemia (non-obese: 1.522, 1.248-1.855; overweight: 1.278, 1.032-1.583; and obese: 1.214, 1.028-1.433). Overweight individuals with decreased body fat demonstrated a lower risk of hyperlipidaemia (0.546, 0.400-0.747).ConclusionsIncreased body fat was associated with a higher risk of hyperlipidaemia, even within the same BMI category. Decreasing body fat, particularly in overweight individuals, is associated with a lower risk of hypertension and hyperlipidaemia.Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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