• Patrick J McNamara, Firdous Laique, Sataporn Muang-In, and Hilary E Whyte.
• Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8. patrick.mcnamara@sickkids.ca
• J Crit Care. 2006 Jun 1;21(2):217-22.

BackgroundMany neonates with severe persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) are nonresponders to inhaled nitric oxide (iNO). Milrinone is a promising adjunctive therapy because of its pulmonary vasodilator properties and cardiotropic effects.DesignCase series of neonates with severe PPHN (defined as oxygenation index [OI] >20, failure of iNO therapy, and echocardiographic confirmation of PPHN).SettingTertiary neonatal intensive care unit.SubjectsFull-term (> or =37 weeks) neonates with severe PPHN who received intravenous milrinone.MeasurementsThe primary end point was the effect of intravenous milrinone on OI and hemodynamic stability over a 72-hour study period. Secondary end points examined included duration of iNO and degree of cardiorespiratory support.ResultsNine neonates at a mean gestation of 39.25 +/- 2.76 weeks, birth weight of 3668 +/- 649.1 g, and baseline OI of 28.1 +/- 5.9 received milrinone treatment after a poor initial response to iNO treatment. Intravenous milrinone was commenced at a median age of 21 hours (range, 18-49 hours), and patients were treated for median of 70 hours (range, 23-136). Oxygenation index was significantly reduced after milrinone treatment, particularly in the immediate 24 hours of treatment (8.0 +/- 6.6, P < .001). There was a significant improvement in heart rate (179 +/- 15.2 vs 149.6 +/- 22.4, P < .001) over the same period. Infants who received milrinone did not develop systemic hypotension; in fact, there was a nonsignificant trend toward improved blood pressure.ConclusionsIntravenous milrinone produces early improvements in oxygenation without compromising systemic blood pressure.

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