• Giovanni Landoni, Giuseppe G L Biondi-Zoccai, Giovanni Marino, Tiziana Bove, Oliviero Fochi, Giulia Maj, Maria Grazia Calabrò, Imad Sheiban, James A Tumlin, Marco Ranucci, and Alberto Zangrillo.
• Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italia e Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. landoni.giovanni@hsr.it
• J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 2008 Feb 1;22(1):27-33.

ObjectiveAcute renal failure is a common and threatening complication in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. To determine the efficacy of fenoldopam in the prevention of acute renal failure, the authors performed a systematic review of randomized, controlled trials and propensity-matched studies in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery.DesignMeta-analysis.SettingHospitals.ParticipantsA total of 1,059 patients from 13 randomized and case-matched studies were included in the analysis.InterventionsNone.Measurements And Main ResultsGoogle Scholar, PubMed, and scientific sessions were searched (updated November 2006). Authors and external experts were contacted. Four unblinded reviewers selected controlled trials that used fenoldopam in the prevention or treatment of acute renal failure in cardiovascular surgery. Four reviewers independently abstracted patient data, treatment characteristics, and outcomes. Pooled estimates showed that fenoldopam consistently and significantly reduced the need for renal replacement therapy (odds ratio = 0.37 [0.23-0.59], p < 0.001) and in-hospital death (odds ratio = 0.46 [0.29-0.75], p = 0.01). These benefits were associated with shorter intensive care unit stay (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -0.93 days [-1.27; -0.58], p = 0.002). Sensitivity analyses, tests for small study bias, and heterogeneity assessment further confirmed the main analysis.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis provides evidence that fenoldopam may confer significant benefits in preventing renal replacement therapy and reducing mortality in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery.

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