• Cheryl K Zogg, Peter Najjar, Arturo J Rios Diaz, Donald L Zogg, Thomas C Tsai, John A Rose, John W Scott, Faiz Gani, Husain Alshaikh, Joseph K Canner, Eric B Schneider, Joel E Goldberg, and Adil H Haider.
• *Center for Surgery and Public Health: Harvard Medical School, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA†Minnesota Gastroenterology, P.A., Saint Paul, MN‡Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
• Ann. Surg. 2016 Aug 1; 264 (2): 312-22.

ObjectiveTo compare incremental costs associated with complications of elective colectomy using nationally representative data among patients undergoing laparoscopic/open resections for the 4 most frequent diagnoses.Summary Background DataRising healthcare costs have led to increasing focus on the need to achieve a better understanding of the association between costs and quality. Among elective colectomies, a focus of surgical quality-improvement initiatives, interpretable evidence to support existing approaches is lacking.MethodsThe 2009 to 2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) data were queried for adult (≥18 years) patients undergoing elective colectomy. Patients with primary diagnoses for colon cancer, diverticular disease, benign colonic neoplasm, and ulcerative colitis/regional enteritis were included. Based on system-based complications considered relevant to long-term treatment of elective colectomy, stratified differences in risk-adjusted incremental hospital costs and complications probabilities were compared.ResultsA total of 68,462 patients were included, weighted to represent 337,887 patients nationwide. A total of 16.4% experienced complications. Annual risk-adjusted incremental costs amounted to >$150 million. Magnitudes of complication prevalences/costs varied by primary diagnosis, operative technique, and complication group. Infectious complications contributed the most ($55 million), followed by gastrointestinal ($53 million), pulmonary ($22 million), and cardiovascular ($11 million) complications. Total annual costs for elective colectomies amounted to >$1.7 billion: 11.3% was due to complications [1.9% due to current Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) complications].ConclusionsThe results highlight a need to consider the varied/broad impact of complications, offering a stratified paradigm for priority setting in surgery. As we move forward in the development of novel/adaptation of existing interventions, it will be essential to weigh the cost of complications in an evidence-based way.

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