• Efthimios Dardiotis, Konstantinos Paterakis, Vasileios Siokas, Georgios Tsivgoulis, Maria Dardioti, Savas Grigoriadis, Constantina Simeonidou, Apostolos Komnos, Eftychia Kapsalaki, Kostas Fountas, and Georgios M Hadjigeorgiou.
• aLaboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology bDepartment of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly cIntensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Larissa dDepartment of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa eSecond Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, 'Attikon' University Hospital, University of Athens, Athens fSecond Department of Neurosurgery, Hippokration University Hospital gDepartment of Physiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece hInternational Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
• Pharmacogenet. Genomics. 2015 Oct 1; 25 (10): 485-90.

BackgroundGenetic variants appear to influence, at least to some degree, the extent of brain injury and the clinical outcome of patients who have sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a zinc metallopeptidase that is implicated in the regulation of blood pressure and cerebral circulation. ACE gene polymorphisms were found to regulate serum ACE enzyme activity.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate possible influence of ACE gene region variants on patients' outcome after TBI.Patients And MethodsIn total, 363 TBI patients prospectively enrolled in the study were genotyped for five tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the ACE gene. Using logistic regression analyses, tag SNPs and their constructed haplotypes were tested for associations with 6-month Glasgow Outcome Scale scores, after adjustment for age, sex, Glasgow Coma Scale scores at admission, and the presence of a hemorrhagic event in the initial computed tomography scan.ResultsSignificant effects on TBI outcome were found for three neighboring tag SNPs in the codominant (genotypic) model of inheritance [rs4461142: odds ratio (OR) 0.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.12-0.57, P = 0.0001; rs7221780: OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.25-5.72, P = 0.0003; and rs8066276: OR 3.82, 95% CI 1.80-8.13, P = 0.0002; for the heterozygous variants compared with the common alleles]. None of the constructed common tag SNPs haplotypes was associated with TBI outcome.ConclusionThe present study provides evidence of the possible influence of genetic variations in a specific region of the ACE gene on the outcome of TBI patients. This association may have pharmacogenetic implications in identifying those TBI patients who may benefit from ACE inhibition.

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