• Vasc Health Risk Manag · Jan 2009

    Review

    Prognostic stratification of acute pulmonary embolism: focus on clinical aspects, imaging, and biomarkers.

    • Luca Masotti, Marc Righini, Nicolas Vuilleumier, Fabio Antonelli, Giancarlo Landini, Roberto Cappelli, and Patrick Ray.
    • UO Medicina Interna, Ospedale di Cecina, Via Montanara, Località Ladronaia, 57023 Cecina (Li), Italy. luca.masotti@tin.it
    • Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2009 Jan 1;5(4):567-75.

    AbstractPulmonary embolism (PE) represents a common disease in emergency medicine and guidelines for diagnosis and treatment have had wide diffusion. However, PE morbidity and mortality remain high, especially when associated to hemodynamic instability or right ventricular dysfunction. Prognostic stratification to identify high risk patients needing to receive more aggressive pharmacological and closer monitoring is of utmost importance. Modern guidelines for management of acute PE are based on risk stratification using either clinical, radiological, or laboratory findings. This article reviews the modern treatment of acute PE, which is customized upon patient prognosis. Accordingly the current risk stratification tools described in the literature such as clinical scores, echocardiography, helical computer tomography, and biomarkers will be reviewed.

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