• Takashi Tagami, Hiroki Matsui, Kiyohide Fushimi, and Hideo Yasunaga.
• 1Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.2Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School Tama-Nagayama hospital, Tokyo, Japan.3Department of Health Informatics and Policy, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
• Crit. Care Med. 2016 Mar 1; 44 (3): 488-95.

ObjectivesTo evaluate the change in provision of therapeutic hypothermia and coronary intervention (postresuscitation care) over time and to clarify the association between these provisions and in-hospital mortality in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.DesignA nationwide retrospective cohort study using multiple propensity score analyses.SettingJapanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database.PatientsAdult patients with cardiogenic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest related to ventricular fibrillation were identified from July to December in 2008-2012 (385 hospitals; n = 3,413).Measurements And Main ResultsWe evaluated the proportion of patients receiving postresuscitation care and all-cause mortality at 30 days after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The proportion of postresuscitation care provision increased significantly over the study period (Mantel-Haenszel trend test, p < 0.001). The overall 30-day mortality was 52.0% (1,774/3,413), and the crude 30-day mortality decreased significantly during the study period (p = 0.006). Logistic regression analysis showed significant associations between the fiscal years 2011 and 2012 and 30-day mortality (2011: odds ratio, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.57-0.98 and 2012: odds ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47-0.81). Multiple propensity score analysis incorporating postresuscitation care showed that 30-day mortality was significantly associated with postresuscitation care, and the significant associations between 30-day mortality and the years 2011 and 2012 were no longer observed (2011: odds ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.82-1.3 and 2012: odds ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.74-1.2).ConclusionsThe 30-day survival rate of adult patients with cardiogenic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest related to ventricular fibrillation improved significantly after 2010 in Japan. This improvement may be associated with an increase in postresuscitation care provision.

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