• Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Elisabeth Papiol, Alejandro Rodríguez, Emili Diaz, Rafael Zaragoza, Rosa María Granada, Lorenzo Socias, Juan Bonastre, Montserrat Valverdú, Juan Carlos Pozo, Pilar Luque, Jose Antonio Juliá-Narvaéz, Lourdes Cordero, Antonio Albaya, Daniel Serón, Jordi Rello, and H1N1 SEMICYUC Working Group.
• Critical Care Department, Joan XXIII University Hospital-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, URV, and IISPV, Mallafre i Guasch, ES-43007 Tarragona, Spain. drmartinloeches@gmail.com
• Crit Care. 2011 Jan 1;15(1):R66.

IntroductionLittle information exists about the impact of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients with the pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus infection.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, observational, multicenter study in 148 Spanish intensive care units (ICUs). Patients with chronic renal failure were excluded. AKI was defined according to Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria.ResultsA total of 661 patients were analyzed. One hundred eighteen (17.7%) patients developed AKI; of these, 37 (31.4%) of the patients with AKI were classified as AKI I, 15 (12.7%) were classified as AKI II and 66 (55.9%) were classified as AKI III, among the latter of whom 50 (75.7%) required continuous renal replacement therapy. Patients with AKI had a higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (19.2 ± 8.3 versus 12.6 ± 5.9; P < 0.001), a higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (8.7 ± 4.2 versus 4.8 ± 2.9; P < 0.001), more need for mechanical ventilation (MV) (87.3% versus 56.2%; P < 0.01, odds ratio (OR) 5.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.0 to 9.4), a greater incidence of shock (75.4% versus 38.3%; P < 0.01, OR 4.9, 95% CI, 3.1 to 7.7), a greater incidence of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (92.4% versus 54.7%; P < 0.01, OR 10.0, 95% CI, 4.9 to 20.21) and a greater incidence of coinfection (23.7% versus 14.4%; P < 0.01, OR 1.8, 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.0). In survivors, patients with AKI remained on MV longer and ICU and hospital length of stay were longer than in patients without AKI. The overall mortality was 18.8% and was significantly higher for AKI patients (44.1% versus 13.3%; P < 0.01, OR 5.1, 95% CI, 3.3 to 7.9). Logistic regression analysis was performed with AKIN criteria, and it demonstrated that among patients with AKI, only AKI III was independently associated with higher ICU mortality (P < 0.001, OR 4.81, 95% CI 2.17 to 10.62).ConclusionsIn our cohort of patients with H1N1 virus infection, only those cases in the AKI III category were independently associated with mortality.© 2011 Martín-Loeches et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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