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- Genichiro Ishii, Kanji Nagai, Atsushi Ochiai, and Ryo Maeda.
- Department of Pathology, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
- Chest. 2012 Jul 1;142(1):151-8.
BackgroundThe tumor microenvironment, of which cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the major cellular components, plays an important role in tumor progression. This study evaluated the significance of podoplanin-positive CAFs and CD204-positive TAMs, which may reflect tumor-promoting CAFs and TAMs, as risk factors for recurrence in patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma.MethodsThe expression of podoplanin in CAFs and CD204 in TAMs was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 304 patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma who underwent surgical resection between September 1992 and July 2004. The recurrence-free proportion (RFP) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.ResultsThe presence of podoplanin-positive CAFs and the higher number of CD204-positive TAMs were associated with a lower 5-year RFP (P < .001 and P = .001, respectively). Podoplanin-positive CAFs were an independently statistically significant risk factor for recurrence with the highest hazard ratio (3.474, P = .029, by multivariate Cox proportional hazards model). According to subgroup analyses combining podoplanin-positive CAFs and other independent risk factors (visceral pleural invasion and intratumoral vascular invasion), the 5-year RFPs were 95.6%, 92.3%, 80.5%, and 30.3% (P = .294, P = .067, and P < .001) for patients with zero, one, two, or three risk factors, respectively.ConclusionsPodoplanin-positive CAFs were the most powerful independent risk factor for recurrence in patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma. Podoplanin-positive CAFs may be useful for identifying patients with a high risk of recurrence who might benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
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