• Michael J Koren, Pernille Lundqvist, Michael Bolognese, Joel M Neutel, Maria Laura Monsalvo, Jingyuan Yang, Jae B Kim, Rob Scott, Scott M Wasserman, Harold Bays, and MENDEL-2 Investigators.
• Jacksonville Center for Clinical Research, Jacksonville, Florida. Electronic address: mkoren@encoredocs.com.
• J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2014 Jun 17;63(23):2531-40.

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare biweekly and monthly evolocumab with placebo and oral ezetimibe in patients with hypercholesterolemia in a phase III trial.BackgroundEvolocumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), significantly reduced LDL-C in phase II trials.MethodsPatients 18 to 80 years of age with fasting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥100 and <190 mg/dl and Framingham risk scores ≤10% were randomized (1:1:1:1:2:2) to oral placebo and subcutaneous (SC) placebo biweekly; oral placebo and SC placebo monthly; ezetimibe and SC placebo biweekly; ezetimibe and SC placebo monthly; oral placebo and evolocumab 140 mg biweekly; or oral placebo and evolocumab 420 mg monthly.ResultsA total of 614 patients were randomized and administered doses. Evolocumab treatment reduced LDL-C from baseline, on average, by 55% to 57% more than placebo and 38% to 40% more than ezetimibe (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). Evolocumab treatment also favorably altered other lipoprotein levels. Treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs), muscle-related AEs, and laboratory abnormalities were comparable across treatment groups.ConclusionsIn the largest monotherapy trial using a PCSK9 inhibitor to date, evolocumab yielded significant LDL-C reductions compared with placebo or ezetimibe and was well tolerated in patients with hypercholesterolemia. (Monoclonal Antibody Against PCSK9 to Reduce Elevated LDL-C in Subjects Currently Not Receiving Drug Therapy for Easing Lipid Levels-2 [MENDEL-2]; NCT01763827).Copyright © 2014 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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