• Martina Bosnar, Goran Kragol, Sanja Koštrun, Ines Vujasinović, Berislav Bošnjak, Vlatka Bencetić Mihaljević, Zorica Marušić Ištuk, Samra Kapić, Boška Hrvačić, Karmen Brajša, Branka Tavčar, Dubravko Jelić, Ines Glojnarić, Donatella Verbanac, Ognjen Culić, Jasna Padovan, Sulejman Alihodžić, Vesna Eraković Haber, and Radan Spaventi.
• GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, Zagreb, Croatia. martina.bosnar@glpg.com
• J. Med. Chem. 2012 Jul 12;55(13):6111-23.

AbstractMacrolide antibiotics, like erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin, possess anti-inflammatory properties. These properties are considered fundamental to the efficacy of these three macrolides in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases like diffuse panbronchiolitis and cystic fibrosis. However, long-term treatment with macrolide antibiotics presents a considerable risk for promotion of bacterial resistance. We have examined antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of a novel macrolide class: N'-substituted 2'-O,3'-N-carbonimidoyl bridged erythromycin-derived 14- and 15-membered macrolides. A small focused library was prepared, and compounds without antimicrobial activity, which inhibited IL-6 production, were selected. Data analysis led to a statistical model that could be used for the design of novel anti-inflammatory macrolides. The most promising compound from this library retained the anti-inflammatory activity observed with azithromycin in lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary neutrophilia in vivo. Importantly, this study strongly suggests that antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of macrolides are independent and can be separated, which raises development plausibility of novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics.

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