• Maurits K Konings, Paul F Grundeman, Henk G Goovaerts, Maarten R Roosendaal, Imo E Hoefer, Pieter A Doevendans, Frank E Rademakers, and Wolfgang F Buhre.
• Department of Medical Technology and Clinical Physics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 100 Heidelberglaan, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands. m.konings@umcutrecht.nl
• Crit Care. 2011 Jan 1;15(4):R165.

IntroductionRecently, a non-invasive, continuous ventricular stroke volume monitoring system using skin electrodes has been developed. In contrast to impedance-based methods, the new technique (ventricular field recognition) enables measurement of changes in ventricular volume. A prototype using this new method was built (the hemologic cardiac profiler, HCP) and validated against a reference method in a pig model during variations in cardiac output.MethodsIn six Dalland pigs, cardiac output was simultaneously measured with the HCP (CO-HCP), and an invasive ultrasonic flow-probe around the ascending aorta (CO-FP). Variations in CO were achieved by change in ventricular loading conditions, cardiac pacing, and dobutamine administration. Data were analysed according to Bland-Altman analysis and Pearson's correlation.ResultsPearson's correlation between the CO-HCP and the CO-FP was r = 0.978. Bland-Altman analysis showed a bias of - 0.114 L/minute, and a variability of the bias (2 standard deviations, 2SD) of 0.55 L/minute.ConclusionsThe results of the present study demonstrate that CO-HCP is comparable to CO-FP in an animal model of cardiac output measurements during a wide variation of CO. Therefore, the HCP has the potential to become a clinical applicable cardiac output monitor.

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