• Antonio Loforte, Emanuele Pilato, Sofia Martin Suarez, Gianluca Folesani, Giuliano Jafrancesco, Sebastiano Castrovinci, Mariano Cefarelli, Luciano Potena, Gaia Magnani, Francesco Grigioni, Fabio Caramelli, Guido Frascaroli, Roberto Di Bartolomeo, and Giuseppe Marinelli.
• G Ital Cardiol (Rome). 2014 Oct 1;15(10):577-85.

BackgroundThe RotaFlow (Maquet, Jostra Medizintechnik AG, Hirrlingen, Germany) and Levitronix CentriMag (Levitronix LCC, Waltham, MA, USA) veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support systems have been investigated as treatment for refractory cardiogenic shock.MethodsBetween 2004 and 2012, 119 consecutive adult patients were supported on RotaFlow (n=104) or CentriMag (n=15) ECMO at our Institution (79 men; mean age 57.3 ± 12.5 years, range 19-78 years). Indications for support were: failure to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass in the setting of postcardiotomy (n=47) and primary graft failure (n=26); post-acute myocardial infarction cardiogenic shock (n=11); acute myocarditis (n=3), and cardiogenic shock on chronic heart failure (n=32).ResultsA central ECMO setting was established in 64 (53.7%) patients while peripherally in 55 (46.2%). Overall mean support time was 10.9 ± 8.7 days (range 1-43 days). Forty-two (35.2%) patients died on ECMO. Overall success rate, in terms of survival on ECMO (n=77), weaning from mechanical support (n=51; 42.8%) and bridge to heart transplantation (n=26; 21.8%), was 64.7%. Sixty-eight (57.1%) patients were successfully discharged. Stepwise logistic regression identified blood lactate levels and creatine kinase-MB relative index at 72h after ECMO initiation, and number of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) transfused on ECMO as significant predictors of mortality. Central ECMO population had a higher rate of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration need and bleeding events compared with the peripheral setting.ConclusionsECMO support provides encouraging results in different subsets of patients in cardiogenic shock. Blood lactate levels, creatine kinase-MB relative index and PRBCs transfused should be strictly monitored during veno-arterial ECMO running. Type of ECMO implantation, if peripheral or central, should be decided according to the specific patient subset.

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