• Yi Yang, So-Yeon Park, Thanh Thi Nguyen, Young Hyun Yu, Tru Van Nguyen, Eun Gene Sun, Jayalal Udeni, Min-Hye Jeong, Iris Pereira, Cheol Moon, Hyung-Ho Ha, Kyung Keun Kim, Jae-Seoun Hur, and Hangun Kim.
• Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-950, Republic of Korea.
• Plos One. 2015 Jan 1; 10 (9): e0137889.

AbstractLichens produce various unique chemicals that can be used for pharmaceutical purposes. To screen for novel lichen secondary metabolites showing inhibitory activity against lung cancer cell motility, we tested acetone extracts of 13 lichen samples collected in Chile. Physciosporin, isolated from Pseudocyphellaria coriacea (Hook f. & Taylor) D.J. Galloway & P. James, was identified as an effective compound and showed significant inhibitory activity in migration and invasion assays against human lung cancer cells. Physciosporin treatment reduced both protein and mRNA levels of N-cadherin with concomitant decreases in the levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers such as snail and twist. Physciosporin also suppressed KITENIN (KAI1 C-terminal interacting tetraspanin)-mediated AP-1 activity in both the absence and presence of epidermal growth factor stimulation. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of the metastasis suppressor gene, KAI1, was increased while that of the metastasis enhancer gene, KITENIN, was dramatically decreased by physciosporin. Particularly, the activity of 3'-untranslated region of KITENIN was decreased by physciosporin. Moreover, Cdc42 and Rac1 activities were decreased by physciosporin. These results demonstrated that the lichen secondary metabolite, physciosporin, inhibits lung cancer cell motility through novel mechanisms of action.

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