• Caroline Larsson, Eva Ekvall Hansson, Kristina Sundquist, and Ulf Jakobsson.
• Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne , Malmö , Sweden .
• Physiother Theory Pract. 2014 Aug 1;30(6):421-8.

ObjectivesThe study aimed to test the construct validity, factor structure and reliability of the 11-item version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11, Swedish version) among older people (65+) with chronic pain.DesignMethodological study.Subjects433 participants with chronic pain (mean age 74.8, 65-98 years) completed postal questionnaires. 264 of the participants completed a test-retest assessment.MethodsConstruct validity was evaluated through corrected item-total correlations. Convergent validity was analyzed by correlations with activity/activities of daily living (ADL) dependence, pain intensity and physical activity (all of which are constructs related to kinesiophobia according to fear-avoidance theories). Factor structure was tested through confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was assessed with Cronbach's α and test-retest reliability, analyzed by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and weighted κ coefficient analysis.ResultsEvidence of convergent validity was shown by significant positive correlations with activity/ADL dependence (r = 0.20) and pain intensity (r = 0.31), and a significant negative correlation with physical activity (r = -0.38). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that both one- and two factor-solutions were possible. Cronbach's α coefficients ranged between 0.74 and 0.87. Test-retest analysis showed strong agreement regarding ICC (r = 0.75, 95% confidence interval 0.64-0.82). The weighted κ coefficients for the individual items showed fair to moderate reliability.ConclusionThe Swedish version of TSK-11 had acceptable construct validity, factor structure, and reliability and, hence, can be considered suitable for older people with chronic pain.

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