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- Gregory Tsoucalas, Marianna Karamanou, Maria Lymperi, Vassiliki Gennimata, and George Androutsos.
- Department of History of Medicine, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece. mkaramanou@med.uoa.gr.
- Int Marit Health. 2014 Jan 1;65(2):65-7.
AbstractThe natural electrical phenomena fascinated humans since antiquity. The electrical discharges produced by the torpedo fish were highly appreciated among ancient physicians as Hippocrates, Scribonius Largus and Galen and were prescribed for headache, gout and prolapsed anus. In the medieval period, torpedo's electrical properties were attributed to occult powers, while Renaissance physicians' and scientists' studied the anatomy and mechanical nature of the provoked shock paving the way for the discovery of the electrical nature of torpedo's activity and the evolution of electrotherapy.
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