• Umberto Raucci, Simona Scateni, Alberto Eugenio Tozzi, Fabrizio Drago, Ugo Giordano, Michela Marcias, Francesca Faa, and Antonino Reale.
• Pediatric Emergency Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: umberto.raucci@opbg.net.
• J. Pediatr. 2014 Nov 1;165(5):967-72.e1.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of the 2009 Italian pediatric clinical guidelines on the management of syncope.Study DesignA retrospective study of patients who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) of Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital with syncope during the 2 years before and then for 2 years after the establishment of the Italian pediatric clinical guidelines. Implementation of the clinical guidelines included educational seminars, additional training of health care workers, and the availability of clinical guidelines and its algorithms on ED examination rooms.ResultsWe studied a population of 1073 patients (n = 470 vs n = 603). Most patients had neurocardiogenic syncope with a greater increase in postimplementation period (n = 241, 51.3% vs n = 454, 49.8%); we also noticed a parallel reduction of the number of patients with undefined syncope (30% vs 8.3%). We observed an increase in electrocardiogram (n = 328, 69.8% vs n = 512, 85.1%; P < .001), a reduction in electroencephalogram (n = 54, 11.5% vs n = 25, 4.1%; P < .001), and computed tomography scan/magnetic resonance imaging utilization (n = 26, 5.5% vs n = 8, 1.3%; P < .001). In addition, there was a significant reduction of hospital admission rates (n = 195; 41.5% vs n = 116, 19.2%; P < .001). The time period was significantly associated with improvements in all procedures at the multivariate analysis.ConclusionsProviding practitioners in the ED with age-oriented clinical guidelines increased the efficiency of clinical management of pediatric syncope. Our study demonstrated that the implementation of pediatric clinical guidelines on syncope improve diagnosis, reduce hospital admissions, and decrease the use of unnecessary diagnostic tests.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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