• Koen Demyttenaere, Ronny Bruffaerts, Sing Lee, José Posada-Villa, Vivianne Kovess, Matthias C Angermeyer, Daphna Levinson, Giovanni de Girolamo, Hideyuki Nakane, Zeina Mneimneh, Carmen Lara, Ron de Graaf, Kate Margaret Scott, Oye Gureje, Dan J Stein, Josep Maria Haro, Evelyn J Bromet, Ronald C Kessler, Jordi Alonso, and Von KorffMichaelM.
• Department of Neurosciences and Psychiatry, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, PR China Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca University, Saldarriaga Concha Foundation, Colombia Fondation MGEN pour la Sante Publique, Paris, France Department of Psychiatry, University of Leipzig, Germany Research and Planning, Mental health services, Ministry of Health, Israel Department of Mental Health, AUSL di Bologna, Italy Nagasaki International University Graduate School, Nagasaki, Japan Institute for Development, Research, and Applied Care (IDRAC), Lebanon Psiquiatria scola de Medicina da Santa Casa de Misericordia de Vitoria (EMESCAM), Brazil Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Otago University Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Sant Joan de Deu-SSM, Barcelona, Spain SUNY Stony Brook, United States Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States Health Services Research Unit, Institut Municipal d'Investigacio Medica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain Center for Health Studies, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, United States.
• Pain. 2007 Jun 1; 129 (3): 332-342.

AbstractThis paper reports cross-national data concerning back or neck pain comorbidity with mental disorders. We assessed (a) the prevalence of chronic back/neck pain, (b) the prevalence of mental disorders among people with chronic back/neck pain, (c) which mental disorder had strongest associations with chronic back/neck pain, and (d) whether these associations are consistent across countries. Population surveys of community-dwelling adults were carried out in 17 countries in Europe, the Americas, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and the South Pacific (N=85,088). Mental disorders were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, third version (CIDI 3.0): anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder/agoraphobia, posttraumatic stress disorder, and social anxiety disorder), mood disorders (major depression and dysthymia), and alcohol abuse or dependence. Back/neck pain was ascertained by self-report. Between 10% and 42% reported chronic back/neck pain in the previous 12 months. After adjusting for age and sex, mental disorders were more common among persons with back/neck pain than among persons without. The pooled odds ratios were 2.3 [95% CI=2.1-2.5] for mood disorders, 2.2 [95% CI=2.1-2.4] for anxiety disorders, and 1.6 [95% CI=1.4-1.9] for alcohol abuse/dependence in people with versus without chronic back/neck pain. Although prevalence rates of back/neck pain were generally lower than in previous reports, mental disorders were associated with chronic back/neck pain. The strength of association was stronger for mood and anxiety disorders than for alcohol abuse/dependence. The association of mental disorders with back/neck pain showed a consistent pattern across both developed and developing countries.

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