• Bernard J Hammes, Judy Klevan, Michelle Kempf, and Marc S Williams.
• Department of Medical Humanities, Gundersen Lutheran Medical Foundation, 1900 South Avenue, La Crosse, WI 54601-5494, USA. bjhammes@gundluth.org
• J Palliat Med. 2005 Aug 1;8(4):766-73.

ObjectiveThis study describes the process and population involved in pediatric advance care planning at one Midwest medical center. The outcomes and the parents' perceptions of this planning are also discussed.MethodsPediatric patients with advance directives were identified from ethics consultations records. Information about the type of advance directive, the patient's medical condition and care received was obtained from the medical records. Parents of the children were then contacted and interviewed in regard to the advance care planning process done for their child. The interviews were audiotaped and transcribed. Transcribed interviews were reviewed and themes were identified.ResultsSeventeen children from 16 families were included in the study. Almost all of the patients had progressive disorders other than cancer. Of the 17 children, 9 are deceased, 7 died at home and 2 died at a hospital. Eight of the children's advance directives were followed during the dying process, while 1 was not. Thirteen parents were interviewed. Twelve stated that the process of advance care planning benefited their children and their family. Rarely, individuals in the community raised concerns about the child's advance directive.ConclusionsEven though the topic of their child's death is difficult, the majority of the interviewed parents found the advance care planning process for the child helpful because it assured the best care for the child, including preserving their child's quality of life and avoiding unnecessary suffering.

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