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- Cynda Hylton Rushton.
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Nursing and Children's Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. crushton@son.jhmi.edu
- AACN Adv Crit Care. 2006 Apr 1;17(2):161-8.
AbstractNurse clinicians may experience moral distress when they are unable to translate their moral choices into moral action. The costs of unrelieved moral distress are high; ultimately, as with all unresolved professional conflicts, the quality of patient care suffers. As a systematic process for change, this article offers the AACN's Model to Rise Above Moral Distress, describing four A's: ask, affirm, assess, and act. To help critical care nurses working to address moral distress, the article identifies 11 action steps they can take to develop an ethical practice environment.
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