• Pierre-Olivier Girodet, Benoit Allard, Matthieu Thumerel, Hugues Begueret, Isabelle Dupin, Olga Ousova, Régis Lassalle, Elise Maurat, Annaig Ozier, Thomas Trian, Roger Marthan, and Patrick Berger.
• 1 University Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC1401, Bordeaux, France.
• Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2016 Mar 15; 193 (6): 627-33.

RationaleIncreased bronchial smooth muscle (BSM) mass is a key feature of airway remodeling that classically distinguishes severe from nonsevere asthma. Proliferation of BSM cells involves a specific mitochondria-dependent pathway in individuals with severe asthma. However, BSM remodeling and mitochondrial biogenesis have not been examined in nonsevere asthma.ObjectivesWe aimed to assess whether an increase in BSM mass was also implicated in nonsevere asthma and its relationship with mitochondria and clinical outcomes.MethodsWe enrolled 34 never-smoker subjects with nonsevere asthma. In addition, we recruited 56 subjects with nonsevere asthma and 19 subjects with severe asthma as comparative groups (COBRA cohort [Cohorte Obstruction Bronchique et Asthme; Bronchial Obstruction and Asthma Cohort; sponsored by the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research, INSERM]). A phenotypic characterization was performed using questionnaires, atopy and pulmonary function testing, exhaled nitric oxide measurement, and blood collection. Bronchial biopsy specimens were processed for immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy analysis. After BSM remodeling assessment, subjects were monitored over a 12-month period.Measurements And Main ResultsWe identified characteristic features of remodeling (BSM area >26.6%) and increased mitochondrial number within BSM in a subgroup of subjects with nonsevere asthma. The number of BSM mitochondria was positively correlated with BSM area (r = 0.78; P < 0.001). Follow-up analysis showed that subjects with asthma with high BSM had worse asthma control and a higher rate of exacerbations per year compared with subjects with low BSM.ConclusionsThis study reveals that BSM remodeling and mitochondrial biogenesis may play a critical role in the natural history of nonsevere asthma (Mitasthme study). Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00808730).

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