• Gemma Robleda, Ferran Roche-Campo, Maria-Àngels Sendra, Marta Navarro, Ana Castillo, Ainhoa Rodríguez-Arias, Elena Juanes-Borrego, Ignasi Gich, Gerard Urrutia, José M Nicolás-Arfelis, Kathleen Puntillo, Jordi Mancebo, and Josep E Baños.
• Department of Nursing Research, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Mª Claret, 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain. grobleda@santpau.cat.
• Intensive Care Med. 2016 Feb 1; 42 (2): 183-91.

PurposeTo compare pain incidence and changes in pain scores with fentanyl versus placebo as pre-emptive treatment during turning and 30 min post-turning in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients.MethodsWe performed a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled clinical trial in the intensive care unit of a university hospital. Seventy-five mechanically ventilated patients were randomized to an intervention group (fentanyl) or a control group (placebo). Patients in the intervention group received 1 µg/kg (medical patients) or 1.5 µg/kg (surgical patients) of fentanyl 10 min before turning. Pain indicators were assessed using the behavioral pain scale. Safety was assessed by determining the frequency and severity of pre-defined adverse events. Pain was evaluated at rest (T0), at turn start and end (T1 and T2) and at 5, 15 and 30 min post-turning (T3, T4 and T5).ResultsThe two groups had similar baseline characteristics. The area under the curve for BPS values was significantly smaller in the fentanyl group than in the control group [median and interquartile range (IQR): 132 (108-150) vs. 147 (125-180); p = 0.016, respectively]. Nineteen non-serious adverse events were recorded in 14 patients, with no significant between-group differences (23 % fentanyl group vs. 14 % control group; p = 0.381).ConclusionsThese results suggest an intravenous bolus of fentanyl of 1 µg/kg for medical patients or 1.5 µg/kg for surgical patients reduces the incidence of turning-associated pain in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT 01950000.

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