• Stephen W Borron, Michael Stonerook, and Frances Reid.
• University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA. borron@uthscsa.edu
• Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2006 Jan 1;44 Suppl 1:5-15.

IntroductionThe efficacy of hydroxocobalamin for acute cyanide poisoning was compared with that of saline vehicle in dogs.MethodsAnesthetized adult beagle dogs were administered potassium cyanide (0.4 mg/kg/min, IV) until 3 min after the onset of apnea. Hydroxocobalamin (75 mg/kg [n = 19] or 150 mg/kg [n = 18], IV) or saline vehicle [n = 17] was then infused over 7.5 min while animals were ventilated with 100% oxygen, which was stopped after 15 min.ResultsIn vehicle-treated animals cyanide produced deterioration that culminated in a moribund state requiring euthanasia within 4 h in 10 of 17 animals and in neurological deficits necessitating euthanasia within 2-4 d in an additional 4 animals (mortality rate 82%). Survival through 14 d was observed in 15 of 19 animals administered hydroxocobalamin 75 mg/kg (mortality rate 21%), and 18 of 18 administered hydroxocobalamin 150 mg/kg (mortality rate 0%).ConclusionHydroxocobalamin reversed cyanide toxicity and reduced mortality in a canine model.

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