• Simone Peschillo, Alessandro Caporlingua, Federico Caporlingua, Guido Guglielmi, and Roberto Delfini.
• Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Endovascular Neurosurgery/Interventional Neuroradiology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
• World Neurosurg. 2016 Apr 1; 88: 661-671.

ObjectiveTo describe the history of vascular and endovascular neurosurgery.MethodsA literature research was conducted including historical events from 2000 bc to the twenty-first century ad, and a timetable was filled with information regarding the most representative historical landmarks regarding vascular and endovascular neurosurgery.ResultsStarting from approaches limited to the cervical carotid artery, vascular neurosurgery gained its way through the intracranial and finally endovascular space thanks to the introduction of both innovative and progressively less invasive procedures. With the invention of cerebral angiography in 1927, Egas Moniz paved the way for modern endovascular neurosurgery.ConclusionsNumerous pioneers have been described through this historical reconstruction. Their genius, effort, dedication, and passion brought a massive contribution to vascular and endovascular neurosurgery as we know it today.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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