• Ken Catchpole and Peter McCulloch.
• Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Ken.catchpole@nds.ox.ac.uk
• Curr Opin Crit Care. 2010 Dec 1;16(6):618-22.

Purpose Of ReviewImprovements in safety and quality benefit from a systems approach. Human factors is the study and practice of the relationship between humans and systems. This review examines recent advances in human factors in healthcare.Recent FindingsEarly studies focused on understanding incidents, and on the translation of principles from aviation to healthcare, which demonstrated a useful but limited application of the human factors approach. More recent studies have begun to address the complexity of the relationship between human behaviour and technology, tasks, environment and organization. Human factors frameworks have been usefully applied that aid in these complex considerations, providing a better understanding of the healthcare system, and a much broader range of solutions to problems than checklists, protocols or training. In particular, in improving equipment design and procurement; improving job design by understanding the demands and tasks of individual healthcare practitioners; in improving what and when training is delivered; and the integration of these complex system components into a coherent whole.SummaryThe human factors approach is not yet mature in healthcare, but the importance is being increasingly recognized, and the breadth of application continually expanded.

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