• Erminia Ridolo, Marcello Montagni, Elisa Olivieri, Gian Galeazzo Riario-Sforza, and Cristoforo Incorvaia.
• Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma. erminia.ridolo@unipr.it
• Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2013 Jan 1;8:425-32.

AbstractBronchodilators are central drugs in the management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Indacaterol was the first agent of the novel family of very long-acting β2-agonists to be used as an inhaled bronchodilator for COPD and provides 24-hour therapeutic action, thus allowing once-daily administration. Data from clinical trials show that indacaterol has a bronchodilator effect similar to that of the anticholinergic tiotropium bromide and slightly higher efficacy compared with the long-acting β2-agonists, salmeterol and formoterol. Moreover, the safety profile is excellent and comparable with that of placebo. Concerning adherence with drug treatment and real-life management in respect to long-acting β2-agonists, once-daily dosing makes indacaterol more convenient for COPD patients and is likely to enhance patient adherence. Other very long-acting β2-agonists currently in development include vilanterol, olodaterol, and carmoterol, and these have shown good characteristics for clinical use in the studies reported thus far.

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