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- Steffen T Simon, Nadine Altfelder, Raymond Voltz, and Jan Gaertner.
- Universitätsklinik Köln und Institut für Palliative Care, Oldenburg. steffen@steffensimoon.de
- Ther Umsch. 2012 Feb 1;69(2):93-7.
AbstractMany patients with advanced diseases complain about refractory breathlessness when breathlessness is present although the underlying disease is optimal treated. After exclusion of potential curable causes of breathlessness, management of refractory breathlessness includes general approaches, pharmacological (opioids) and non-pharmacological (e.g. handheld fan, rollator) interventions. Oxygen should be used far less than used in clinical practice at the moment and needs critical appraisal of effectiveness.
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