• John M Costello, Carolyn Dunbar-Masterson, Catherine K Allan, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Jane W Newburger, Francis X McGowan, David L Wessel, John E Mayer, Joshua W Salvin, Roger E Dionne, and Peter C Laussen.
• From the Departments of Cardiology (J.M.C., C.D.-M., C.K.A., K.G., J.W.N., R.E.D., P.C.L.), Anesthesia (F.X.M.), and Cardiac Surgery (J.E.M.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; and Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC (D.L.W.). jmcostello@luirechildrens.org.
• Circ Heart Fail. 2014 Jul 1;7(4):596-604.

BackgroundWe sought to determine whether empirical nesiritide or milrinone would improve the early postoperative course after Fontan surgery. We hypothesized that compared with milrinone or placebo, patients assigned to receive nesiritide would have improved early postoperative outcomes.Methods And ResultsIn a single-center, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multi-arm parallel-group clinical trial, patients undergoing primary Fontan surgery were assigned to receive nesiritide, milrinone, or placebo. A loading dose of study drug was administered on cardiopulmonary bypass followed by a continuous infusion for ≥12 hours and ≤5 days after cardiac intensive care unit admission. The primary outcome was days alive and out of the hospital within 30 days of surgery. Secondary outcomes included measures of cardiovascular function, renal function, resource use, and adverse events. Among 106 enrolled subjects, 35, 36, and 35 were randomized to the nesiritide, milrinone, and placebo groups, respectively, and all were analyzed based on intention to treat. Demographics, patient characteristics, and operative factors were similar among treatment groups. No significant treatment group differences were found for median days alive and out of the hospital within 30 days of surgery (nesiritide, 20 [minimum to maximum, 0-24]; milrinone, 18 [0-23]; placebo, 20 [0-23]; P=0.38). Treatment groups did not significantly differ in cardiac index, arrhythmias, peak lactate, inotropic scores, urine output, duration of mechanical ventilation, intensive care or chest tube drainage, or adverse events.ConclusionsCompared with placebo, empirical perioperative nesiritide or milrinone infusions are not associated with improved early clinical outcomes after Fontan surgery.Clinical Trial Registration Urlhttp://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00543309.© 2014 American Heart Association, Inc.

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