• Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol · Sep 2003

    Review Comparative Study

    Local anaesthetics and additives for spinal anaesthesia--characteristics and factors influencing the spread and duration of the block.

    • Mikko Pitkänen and Per H Rosenberg.
    • Department of Anaesthesia, Orton Orthopaedic Hospital, Tenholantie 10, 00280 Helsinki, Finland. mikko.pitkanen@invalidisaatio.fi
    • Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2003 Sep 1; 17 (3): 305-22.

    AbstractDifferent characteristics of patients and local anaesthetic formulations will influence the spread of spinal anaesthesia. The predictability of the spread of spinal anaesthesia can be improved by altering both baricity of the solution, and the position of the patient during the intrathecal local anaesthetic injection. The role of adrenaline and clonidine in prolonging the block and associated side effects is discussed. The role of opioids added to local anaesthetic solutions is discussed from a cost/benefit point of view.

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