• Gwan Sic Kim, Joon Bum Kim, Seungbong Han, Suk Jung Choo, Cheol Hyun Chung, Jae Won Lee, and Sung-Ho Jung.
• Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
• Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2014 Jan 1;18(1):73-9.

ObjectivesWhether to repair or replace the mitral valve for patients with significant mitral regurgitation undergoing aortic valve replacement is still controversial.MethodsFrom January 1990 to December 2011, a total of 663 patients underwent aortic valve replacement combined with mitral valve surgery. Among these, 253 patients (mean age 55.9 ± 14.5 years, 91 females) with moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation were enrolled to compare the outcomes between double valve replacement (DVR group, n = 158) and aortic valve replacement plus mitral valve repair (AVR plus MVr group, n = 95). Survival and valve-related events were compared by the inverse-probability-treatment-weighted method using propensity scores to reduce treatment selection bias.ResultsEarly mortality was similar between the groups (1.9% in the DVR group when compared with 3.2% in the AVR plus MVr group, P = 0.55). During the mean follow-up period of 72.1 ± 56.7 months, 45 patients died (28 in DVR and 17 in AVR plus MVr) and 31 experienced valve-related events including valve reoperation in 11, anticoagulation-related bleeding in 14, thromboembolism complications in 9 and infective endocarditis in 3. After adjustment for baseline risk profiles, the DVR group showed no difference with regard to risks of death (hazard ratio [HR], 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79-4.01; P = 0.16) and valve-related events (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.40-3.30; P = 0.80) compared with the AVR plus MVr group.ConclusionsAlthough the outcomes of either mitral valve repair or replacement for moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation in patients undergoing concomitant aortic valve replacement show no statistical significance in terms of long-term survival and valve-related event rates, DVR seems more hazardous than AVR plus MVr based on the estimated HR in terms of survival.

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