• E Vandermeersch, O Kick, M Möllmann, N de Gouw, and H Van Aken.
• Klinik für Anaesthesiologie, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgien.
• Reg Anaesth. 1991 Dec 1;14(6):108-12.

AbstractThe availability of very fine-bore, long spinal needles (28/10 Ga) has stimulated a new wave of interest in the technique of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. The original double-puncture technique has progressed due to special combination needles to the current spinal-needle-through-epidural-needle technique. The availability of adapted Tuohy needles, special combination sets, and long spinal needles indicates a lack of standardization. An appropriate introduction technique via Tuohy needle allows identification of the anatomic landmarks and contributes to successful anesthesia. The spinal component allows a rapid onset and intense analgesia with appropriate muscle relaxation. The epidural catheter allows the administration of agents into the epidural space as well as optimization and prolongation of analgesia in the postoperative phase. Confirming the position of the epidural catheter introduced after spinal anesthesia has been established remains a matter of concern.

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