• Critical care clinics · Jul 2013

    Review

    Viral encephalitis in the ICU.

    • Andreas H Kramer.
    • Department of Critical Care Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Foothills Medical Center, McCaig Tower, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada. Andreas.Kramer@albertahealthservices.ca
    • Crit Care Clin. 2013 Jul 1;29(3):621-49.

    AbstractViral encephalitis causes an altered level of consciousness, which may be associated with fever, seizures, focal deficits, CSF pleocytosis, and abnormal neuroimaging. Potential pathogens include HSV, VZV, enterovirus, and in some regions, arboviruses. Autoimmune (eg, anti-NMDA receptor) and paraneoplastic encephalitis are responsible for some cases where no pathogen is identified. Indications for ICU admission include coma, status epilepticus and respiratory failure. Timely initiation of anti-viral therapy is crucial while relevant molecular and serological test results are being performed. Supportive care should be directed at the prevention and treatment of cerebral edema and other physiological derangements which may contribute to secondary neurological injury.Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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