• Duc Nam Nguyen, Luc Huyghens, Francis Wellens, Johan Schiettecatte, Johan Smitz, and Jean-Louis Vincent.
• Department of Critical Care, University Hospital of Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium, ducnam.nguyen@uzbrussel.be.
• Neurocrit Care. 2014 Jun 1;20(3):367-74.

BackgroundTo investigate if serum S100B protein levels could early detect cerebral complications under treatment extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).MethodsSerum S100B levels were measured over 5 days in 32 patients with cardiogenic and septic shock, including 15 patients who treated by ECMO and 17 who did not. Cerebral complications included hemorrhage, stroke, encephalopathy with myoclonus, and brain death. Delirium was identified by the positive Confusion Assessment Method in the ICU.ResultsS100B levels were elevated in 24/32 patients (75 %) at ICU admission. Five patients developed cerebral complications (2 hemorrhages with 1 brain death, 1 encephalopathy with myoclonus in the ECMO group and 2 strokes in the non-ECMO group). At day 5, S100B levels were higher in the 5 patients with cerebral complications than in the 27 without cerebral complications, regardless of ECMO (0.426 [0.421, 0.652] vs. 0.102 [0.085, 0.135] μg/L, p = 0.011). S100B levels were also more elevated in 3 patients with than in 12 without cerebral complications associated with ECMO (0.799 [0.325, 0.965] vs. 0.102 [0.09, 0.607] μg/L, p = 0.033). S100B levels were not associated with delirium after sedation withdrawal.ConclusionsMeasurement serum S100B could be useful to detect cerebral complications in deeply sedated patients associated with ECMO but not for monitoring delirium after sedation withdrawal.

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