• Leslie A Hoffman, Frederick J Tasota, Carmella Scharfenberg, Thomas G Zullo, and Michael P Donahoe.
• University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, USA.
• Am. J. Crit. Care. 2003 Sep 1;12(5):436-43.

BackgroundLittle is known about aspects of practice that differ between acute care nurse practitioners and physicians that might affect patients' outcomes.ObjectiveTo determine if time spent in work activities differs between an acute care nurse practitioner and physicians in training (pulmonary/critical care fellows) managing patients' care in a step-down medical intensive care unit.MethodsWork sampling techniques were used to collect data when the nurse practitioner had 6 months' or less experience in the role (T1), after the nurse practitioner had 12 months' experience in the role (T2), and when physicians in training provided care on a rotational schedule (nurse practitioner not present, T3). These data were used to estimate the time spent in direct management of patients, coordination of care, and nonunit activities.ResultsResults for T1 and T2 were similar. When T2 and T3 were compared, the nurse practitioner and the physicians in training spent approximately half their time in activities directly related to management of patients (40% vs 44%, not significantly different). The nurse practitioner spent more time in activities related to coordination of care (45% vs 18%; P < .001) and less time in nonunit activities (15% vs 37%; P < .001).ConclusionThe nurse practitioner and the physicians in training spent a similar proportion of time performing required tasks. Because of training requirements, physicians spent more time than the nurse practitioner in nonunit activities. Conversely, the nurse practitioner spent more time interacting with patients and patients' families and collaborating with health team members.

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