• Yoshitaka Fujii, Hiroyoshi Tanaka, and Mutsuko Ito.
• Department of Anesthesiology, Toride Kyodo General Hospital, Toride City, Ibaraki, Japan. yfujii@md.tsukuba.ac.jp
• Arch Ophthalmol Chic. 2005 Jan 1;123(1):25-8.

BackgroundPostoperative vomiting (POV) after pediatric strabismus surgery remains a major problem.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of a single dose of ramosetron, a new serotonin antagonist, for preventing POV in children undergoing strabismus surgery.MethodIn a prospective, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled study, 80 children (38 boys and 42 girls), aged 4 to 10 years, scheduled for strabismus surgery, received intravenously either placebo or ramosetron at 1 of 3 different doses (3 microg/kg, 6 microg/kg, or 12 microg/kg) (n = 20 each) at the end of the surgical procedure. A standard general anesthetic technique was used.Main Outcome MeasuresEmetic episodes were recorded and safety assessments performed during the first and second 24-hour periods (ie, 0-24 and 24-48 hours) after receiving anesthesia.ResultsThe rate of patients who were emesis-free (defined as no retching and no vomiting), during the 0- to 24-hour period after anesthesia was 35% with 3 microg/kg of ramosetron (P = .37), 90% with 6 microg/kg of ramosetron (P = .001), and 90% with 12 microg/kg of ramosetron (P = .001) compared with placebo (25%). The corresponding rate during the 24- to 48-hour period after anesthesia was 40% (P = .371), 90% (P = .001), and 90% (P = .001), respectively, compared with placebo (30%). No clinically important adverse events were observed in any group.ConclusionsA 6-microg/kg dose of ramosetron is sufficient, but a 3-microg/kg dose is insufficient for preventing POV during the 0- to 48-hour period after anesthesia in children undergoing strabismus surgery. Increasing the dose to 12 microg/kg of ramosetron provides no demonstrable additional benefit.

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