• Pamela Rao, Tesfai Gabre-Kidan, Deus Bazira Mubangizi, and Sara Sulzbach.
• Office of HIV/AIDS, Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, 1201 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA. prao@usaid.gov
• J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 2011 Aug 1;57 Suppl 2:S116-9.

AbstractEvidence that the private health sector is a key player in delivering health services and impacting health outcomes, including those related to HIV/AIDS, underscores the need to optimize the role of the private health sector to scale up national HIV responses in lower-income countries. This article reviews findings on the types of HIV/AIDS services provided by the private health sector in developing countries and elaborates on the role of private providers of HIV services in Ethiopia. Drawing on data from the nation's innovative Private Health Sector Project, a pilot project that has demonstrated the feasibility of public-private partnerships in this area, the article highlights the potential for national governments to scale up HIV/AIDS services by leveraging private health sector resources, innovations, and expertise while working to regulate quality and cost of services. Although concerns about uneven quality and affordability of private sector health services must be addressed through regulation, policy, or other innovative approaches, we argue that the benefits of leveraging the private sector outweigh these challenges, particularly in light of finite donor and public domestic resources.

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