• Emílio Salgueiro, Laura Nunes, Alexandra Barros, João Maroco, Ana Isabel Salgueiro, and Manuel E Dos Santos.
• Unidade de Investigação em Psicologia e Saúde, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal. emilioeduardo.salgueiro@gmail.com
• BMC Res Notes. 2012 Jan 1;5:199.

BackgroundInteraction programs involving dolphins and patients with various pathologies or developmental disorders (e.g., cerebral palsy, intellectual impairment, autism, atopic dermatitis, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression) have stimulated interest in their beneficial effects and therapeutic potential. However, the true effects observed in different clinical and psycho-educational setups are still controversial.ResultsAn evaluation protocol consisting of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Psychoeducational Profile-Revised (PEP-R), Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC), Theory of Mind Tasks (ToM Tasks) and a custom-made Interaction Evaluation Grid (IEG) to evaluate behavioural complexity during in-pool interactions was applied to 10 children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders. The ATEC, ToM Tasks and CARS results show no benefits of the dolphin interaction program. Interestingly, the PEP-R suggests some statistically significant effects on 'Overall development score', as well as on their 'Fine motor development', 'Cognitive performance' and 'Cognitive verbal development'. Also, a significant evolution in behavioural complexity was shown by the IEG.ConclusionsThis study does not support significant developmental progress resulting from the dolphin interaction program.

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