• Thomas Pagonis, Panagiotis Givissis, Kostantinos Ditsios, Athanasios Pagonis, Georgios Petsatodis, and Anastasios Christodoulou.
• 1st Orthopaedic Clinic of Aristotle's University of Thessaloniki, G.U.H.G. Papanikolaou, Thessaloniki, Greece. 6972550911@mycosmos.gr
• Injury. 2011 Nov 1;42(11):1307-12.

IntroductionThere is an increase in the number of anabolic-steroid (AS)-abusing trainees, who suffer from sports injuries, needing reconstruction surgery. Rupture of the distal biceps brachii tendon is a common injury in this group.PurposeThe study aimed to investigate the effect of AS abuse in the anatomic reconstruction of the ruptured distal biceps brachii tendon along with an immediate range-of-motion postoperative protocol.MethodsWe conducted an observation study of 17 male athletes suffering from distal biceps tendon ruptures. Six of them reported that they abused AS (group A), whereas the non-users comprised group B (n=11). Both groups were treated with the modified single-incision technique with two suture anchors and an immediate active range-of-motion protocol postoperatively. Follow-up was at 4, 16 and 52 weeks postoperatively, with a final follow-up at 24 months.ResultsFollow-up at 4, 16 and 52 weeks postoperatively showed a statistical significance in favour of group A for therapeutic outcomes concerning flexion, supination, pronation, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Disability Symptom Scores, Mayo Elbow Performance Elbow Scores and isometric muscle strength tests for both flexion and supination. Twenty-four months postoperatively, statistical significance in favour of group A was recorded in isometric muscle strength tests for both flexion and supination and also in DASH Disability Symptom Score.DiscussionThe results of our study suggest that there is a correlation between the effect of AS and the quicker and better recuperation and rehabilitation observed in group A. Nonetheless, these results must be interpreted with caution, and further in vivo research is needed to confirm these findings.Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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