• Orthop. Clin. North Am. · Jan 2012

    Review

    Esophageal and vertebral artery injuries during complex cervical spine surgery--avoidance and management.

    • Gregory Grabowski, Chris A Cornett, and James D Kang.
    • Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Two Medical Park, Suite 404, Columbia, SC 29203, USA. gregory.grabowski78@gmail.com
    • Orthop. Clin. North Am. 2012 Jan 1;43(1):63-74, viii.

    AbstractVertebral artery and esophageal injuries are rare but feared complications of cervical spine surgery. Appropriate understanding of treatment algorithms for prompt intervention in the event of a vertebral artery injury minimizes the risk of exsanguination and/or profound neurologic consequences. Esophageal injuries are often more subtle, and although intraoperative injuries can sometimes be diagnosed at the time of surgery, they frequently do not present until the week after surgery. They can additionally be seen as a late complication of instrumentation usage and/or failure. Expedient diagnosis and management of these injuries minimize their impact and allow for optimal treatment outcome.Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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