• Shigeharu Hosono, Ikuhiro Inami, Hidetoshi Fujita, Michiyoshi Minato, Shigeru Takahashi, and Hideo Mugishima.
• Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
• J Perinat Med. 2009 Jan 1;37(1):79-84.

AimTo investigate whether end-tidal CO(2) monitoring is useful for more rapid recognition of tracheal vs. esophageal intubation as compared to standard clinical evaluation in very low birth weight infants during neonatal resuscitation at birth.Patients And MethodsForty infants were prospectively identified. Tracheal tube placement was evaluated either using an end-tidal CO(2) monitor by an investigator not involved in the resuscitation, or by evaluation of clinical parameters by a resuscitation team unaware of the end-tidal CO(2) data. The time taken to detect accurate placement of the tube using capnometory vs. clinical determination of tracheal or esophageal tube placement was compared.ResultsA total of 54 intubations was analyzed from 40 neonates. End-tidal CO(2) monitoring correctly identified all 40 tracheal and all 11 esophageal intubations with 100% accuracy. On the other hand, clinical evaluation demonstrated discrepancies in three cases. The mean time in seconds for capnographic determination was significantly faster than clinical determination for both tracheal (7.5+/-1.3 vs. 17.0+/-3.4, P<0.01) and esophageal intubation (6.5+/-0.7 vs. 19.9+/-1.8, P<0.01).ConclusionExhaled CO(2) detection is a sensitive and accurate technique to confirm tracheal tube placement in very low birth weight infants during neonatal resuscitation.

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