• G Rialp Cervera, A del Castillo Blanco, O Pérez Aizcorreta, L Parra Morais, and GT-IRA of SEMICYUC.
• Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, España. Electronic address: grialp@gmail.com.
• Med Intensiva. 2014 Mar 1;38(2):111-21.

AbstractNoninvasive ventilation (NIV) with conventional therapy improves the outcome of patients with acute respiratory failure due to hypercapnic decompensation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE). This review summarizes the main effects of NIV in these pathologies. In COPD, NIV improves gas exchange and symptoms, reducing the need for endotracheal intubation, hospital mortality and hospital stay compared with conventional oxygen therapy. NIV may also avoid reintubation and may decrease the length of invasive mechanical ventilation. In ACPE, NIV accelerates the remission of symptoms and the normalization of blood gas parameters, reduces the need for endotracheal intubation, and is associated with a trend towards lesser mortality, without increasing the incidence of myocardial infarction. The ventilation modality used in ACPE does not affect the patient prognosis.Copyright © 2012 Elsevier España, S.L. y SEMICYUC. All rights reserved.

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