• Joachim Pietz, Johannes Peter, Rainer Graf, Inge Rauterberg-Ruland, André Rupp, Dieter Sontheimer, and Otwin Linderkamp.
• Department of Pediatric Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 150, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Joachim_Pietz@med.uni-heidelberg.de
• Early Hum. Dev. 2004 Sep 1;79(2):131-43.

BackgroundOutcome studies on the effects of prematurity are increasingly restricted to extremely immature infants with birth weight below 1000 g or gestational age below 26 weeks. In contrast, studies comprising low-risk preterm infants are rare.AimTo examine growth and neurodevelopmental outcome, 70 low-risk low birth weight (LBW) children without neurological impairment were followed from birth to 7 years of age. At 7 years of age, LBW children were compared to a matched control group born at term.MethodsPostnatal growth was measured at 20 months in the LBW group and at 7 years in LBW and control children. At 20 months, the LBW group was assessed with the Griffiths Scales. At 7 years, LBW and control children were assessed with a neuropsychological test battery comprising tests for language, visual-perceptual, visual-motor, fine and gross motor abilities.ResultsAt 7 years of age, the frequency of children with low (3rd-9th percentile) or subnormal (<3rd percentile) growth parameters was increased in the LBW group. The Mean Griffiths Developmental Quotient (DQ) of the preterm group was normal (102.3+/-8.4), and there were only two results below DQ 85. There was no difference between 49 children appropriate for gestational age and 21 small for gestational age (SGA) children. At 7 years of age, reduced mean test results in the range of -0.5 SDS were observed for language and visual-motor abilities in the preterm group. This was due to an increased frequency of LBW children with moderately (SDS -1.0 to -2.0 SDS) subnormal test results. Even for the slightly LBW group (2000 to 2499 g), poorer language abilities were confirmed.ConclusionAll LBW infants, including low-risk populations, should be included in a follow-up program in order to detect deficits early in life and begin treatment before school entry.

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