• Vladimir Isachenko, Markus Montag, Evgenia Isachenko, Salvatore Dessole, Frank Nawroth, and Hans van der Ven.
• Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. vovaisachenko@yahoo.com
• Fertil. Steril. 2006 Mar 1;85(3):741-7.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the viability of vitrified human germinal vesicle (GV)-oocytes to mature to metaphase II (MII) stage after "rapid" cooling directly in liquid nitrogen in comparison with "slow" cooling in a closed 0.5-mL straw (aseptic system), with or without dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in vitrification solution. The possibility of avoiding parthenogenesis of the oocytes after vitrification using DMSO was investigated.DesignIn vitro maturation after vitrification.SettingAssisted reproduction centers.Patient(S)Patients undergoing standard superovulation treatment and having GV-oocytes after follicular puncture.Intervention(S)The GV-oocytes were vitrified with long/short exposure to DMSO using slow or rapid cooling, then warmed and matured in vitro.Main Outcome Measure(S)Maturation after warming.Result(S)Oocyte development up to MII stage after vitrification with DMSO was 71% in the group with "rapid" cooling, and in groups with "slow" cooling, 68% and 72% for long and short exposure to DMSO, respectively. The maturation rate of GV-oocytes after slow cooling without DMSO was 51%. In the vitrification with long-term contact of oocytes with DMSO group, a high rate of parthenogenesis was observed. When vitrification with short-term contact of oocytes with DMSO at room temperature was used, no parthenogenesis was observed.Conclusion(S)Cryopreservation of human GV-oocytes in open-pulled straws OPS) using an aseptic slow cooling method gives high maturation rates but only in combination with DMSO. To avoid spontaneous parthenogenesis, the exposure to DMSO must occur for a reduced time and at room temperature.

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