• Kevin D Hill, D Scott Lim, Allen D Everett, D Dunbar Ivy, and J Donald Moore.
• Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. kevin.hill@duke.edu
• Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2010 Nov 15;76(6):865-73.

ObjectivesTo assess protocols, demographics, and hemodynamics in pediatric patients undergoing catheterization for pulmonary hypertension (PH).BackgroundPediatric specific data is limited on PH.MethodsReview of the Mid-Atlantic Group of Interventional Cardiology (MAGIC) collaboration PH registry dataset.ResultsBetween November 2003 and October 2008, seven institutions submitted data from 177 initial catheterizations in pediatric patients with suspected PH. Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease (APAH-CHD) (n = 61, 34%) was more common than idiopathic PAH (IPAH) (n = 36, 20%). IPAH patients were older with higher mean pulmonary arterial pressures (mPAP) (P < 0.01). Oxygen lowered mPAP in patients with IPAH (P < 0.01) and associated PAH not related to congenital heart disease (APAH-non CHD) (P < 0.01). A synergistic effect was seen with inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) (P < 0.01). Overall 9/30 (29%) patients with IPAH and 8/48 (16%) patients with APAH-non CHD were reactive to vasodilator testing. Oxygen lowered pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI) in patients with APAH-CHD (P < 0.01). There was no additive effect with iNO but a subset of patients required iNO to lower PVRI below 5 WU·m(2). General anesthesia (GA) lowered systemic arterial pressure (P < 0.01) with no difference between GA and procedural sedation on mPAP or PVRI. Adverse events were rare (n = 7) with no procedural deaths.ConclusionsPediatric patients with PH demonstrate a higher incidence of APAH-CHD and neonatal specific disorders compared to adults. Pediatric PH patients may demonstrate baseline mPAP < 40 mm Hg but > 50% systemic illustrating the difficulty in applying adult criteria to children with PH. Catheterization in children with PH is relatively safe.Copyright © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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